ABSTRACT
The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Physical Exercise Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Luh Gede Wulan Candraningtyas¹, Theresia Anita Pramesti², AA Istri Dalem Hana Yundari³

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus stands at 463 million cases (9%) and continues to rise annually. Diabetes mellitus ranks as the eighth leading cause of death in Southeast Asia. The disease leads to complications resulting from insulin deficiency and negatively impacts patients by causing numerous complications. Management strategies include education, nutritional therapy, physical activity, and pharmacological interventions. Treatment success in diabetes mellitus patients depends on their level of confidence or self-efficacy regarding adherence to physical activity regimens to prevent complications. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and physical exercise adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Gianyar 1 Community Health Center (Puskesmas) area. It was a quantitative, cross-sectional study involving a single observation. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical methods, specifically the Spearman rank correlation test. The study involved 126 respondents: 49 (38.9%) with high adherence to physical exercise, 61 (48.4%) with moderate adherence, and 16 (17.7%) with low adherence. Statistical analysis yielded a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between self-efficacy and physical exercise adherence. Levels of self-efficacy and physical exercise adherence among type 2 diabetes patients at Puskesmas Gianyar 1 were high. These findings demonstrate that higher self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes patients correlates with higher adherence to physical exercise.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Self-Efficacy, Physical Exercise.